1998 Canadian 5-Cent (Nickel) Value Guide
Find out what your 1998 Canadian nickel is worth. Complete price guide covering all finishes — Business Strike, Proof-Like W vs. No Mark, Specimen, Silver Proof — plus the 90th Anniversary Fish Scale commemorative. Current CAD values by grade, February 2026.
Most circulated 1998 Canadian nickels are worth face value. Gem-grade business strikes reach $60–$250 CAD. Sterling silver proof examples carry a bullion floor of approximately $17 CAD.
- Circulated (found in change): Face value — base-metal cupronickel, negligible intrinsic value
- Business Strike MS-65:$22.00 | MS-66: $60.00
- Proof-Like W (PL-65):$5.00 — common Winnipeg variety
- Proof-Like No Mark (PL-65):$15.00 — scarcer Ottawa variety
- Specimen (SP-67):$15.00
- Silver Proof — Standard Beaver (PR-65):$17.00 (silver melt floor)
- 90th Anniversary Fish Scale Silver Proof (PR-65):$15.00
Found a mirror-like coin? Check under the Queen's bust for a W mint mark — if present, it came from a Winnipeg Proof-Like set (common). No mark means the scarcer Ottawa PL (2×–3× premium). Is it silver? All standard 1998 nickels are non-magnetic cupronickel. Silver proofs (5.35 g) and the tiny Fish Scale commemorative (1.167 g, approx. 15.5 mm) came only in sealed collector sets. All values in CAD as of February 2026. See full value chart →
The 1998 Canadian 5-cent piece marks a doubly significant year: the Royal Canadian Mint's 90th anniversary and one of the final issues struck in solid cupronickel before the RCM's transition to plated-steel technology beginning in 1999. In addition to the standard Beaver nickel struck for commerce, 1998 produced a sterling silver Fish Scale commemorative reproducing the original 1908 design. Collectors also navigate meaningful distinctions between Proof-Like sets struck in Winnipeg (carrying a W mint mark) and those struck in Ottawa (no mark) — two varieties that appear nearly identical at a glance but carry very different values. For the complete five-cent price history across all years and series, see our Canadian Nickel Value Guide.
1998 Canadian 5-cent nickel: obverse featuring Dora de Pédery-Hunt's Diademed Head portrait of Queen Elizabeth II with the mint mark zone highlighted below the bust truncation (left), and G.E. Kruger-Gray's Beaver reverse (right).
Note: Errors such as off-center strikes and wrong-planchet coins are known to exist for 1998 but are outside the scope of this standard value guide.
1998 Canadian Nickel Composition & Melt Value
A. Cupronickel Issues — Circulation, Proof-Like, and Specimen
The vast majority of 1998 nickels — all business strikes and the base-metal collector issues (Proof-Like and Specimen) — are struck from solid cupronickel: 75% Copper, 25% Nickel, weighing 4.60 grams at a diameter of 21.2 mm with a plain edge.
Melt Value: Negligible. The intrinsic metal value of a 4.60 g cupronickel coin typically falls between $0.03 and $0.05 CAD, depending on current copper and nickel spot prices. These coins are never accumulated for bullion; all meaningful value is numismatic.
Magnetic Properties — Critical Authentication Diagnostic: The 1998 5-cent is non-magnetic. This is among the most important identifying facts for this date. Beginning in 1999, the RCM transitioned to multi-ply plated-steel technology; those later nickels are magnetic. A coin dated 1998 that adheres to a magnet is either a misidentified later-date coin, a foreign planchet, or a potential wrong-planchet production error — not a genuine 1998 cupronickel nickel.
B. Sterling Silver Proof Issues
Two distinct sterling silver 5-cent coins were produced in 1998 for sealed collector sets. Neither was ever released into general circulation. Both use Sterling Silver (.925 fine): 92.5% Silver, 7.5% Copper. The silver spot price reference used in the source document is approximately $3.42 CAD per gram as of February 7, 2026 (SilverPrice.org).
Size comparison: the standard 21.2 mm cupronickel Beaver nickel (left) alongside the diminutive 15.5 mm sterling silver 90th Anniversary Fish Scale commemorative (right). The dramatic size difference makes these two 1998 nickels immediately distinguishable by sight alone.
1. Standard Size Silver Proof — Double Dollar Set: Identical in diameter (21.2 mm) to the circulation coin but heavier at 5.35 grams due to silver's higher density. Melt value formula: 5.35 g × 0.925 × $3.42/g ≈ ~$16.93 CAD. This figure is significant: the melt floor has compressed toward or exceeded historical loose-coin numismatic list prices, meaning impaired or problem examples may trade at bullion value rather than a numismatic premium. Dealers typically pay a percentage of melt, while retail prices include a numismatic premium above it.
2. 90th Anniversary Fish Scale Silver Proof — 90th Anniversary Set: A faithful miniature reproduction of the original 1908 5-cent design, retaining that coin's original small dimensions: approximately 15.5 mm diameter and 1.167 grams. Melt value formula: 1.167 g × 0.925 × $3.42/g ≈ ~$3.69 CAD. At this melt level, the coin's value is driven almost entirely by numismatic collector demand rather than silver content.
⚠️ Never Clean Silver Proofs
The 1998 sterling silver proofs are susceptible to tarnishing and milk spots — a white residue common in RCM packaging of this era. Attempting to clean, dip, or polish these coins destroys the proof surface and permanently reduces a numismatic coin to its melt value. A Details — Cleaned designation from any grading service eliminates all collector premium, regardless of the coin's underlying detail quality.
1998 Canadian Nickel Value Chart by Grade & Finish
1998 Canadian Nickel — Business Strike (Circulation)
Struck at the Ottawa facility with no mint mark. Mintage: 156,873,000. Despite the massive production, gem-grade survivors are genuine condition rarities: the hardness of the cupronickel alloy accelerated die deterioration, strikes often show softness in the beaver's fur detail, and bulk canvas-bag transport left the overwhelming majority of coins with significant contact marks. Source: Calgary Coin.
| Type / Design | MS-60 | MS-63 | MS-64 | MS-65 | MS-66 | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Business Strike (No Mint Mark) | $0.25 | $0.75 | $3.00 | $22.00 | $60.00 | MS-67 trophy grade: $180–$250. Condition rarity — bag marks pervasive on focal points (Queen's cheek, beaver flank). Full-luster MS-65+ is statistically rare. |
ℹ️ The Value Cliff
The jump from $3.00 at MS-64 to $22.00 at MS-65 illustrates the severe value cliff typical of modern Canadian cupronickel coinage. At MS-64, the coin retains distracting contact marks on focal points. At MS-65, those surfaces are essentially mark-free — a standard almost never met by coins transported in large production bins. Carefully examine focal points before paying MS-65 prices for raw, uncertified coins.
Grade comparison illustration: MS-63 (left) with typical bag marks visible on the Queen's cheek and beaver flank versus a gem MS-65 (right) with clean, mark-free surfaces and full cartwheel luster. This visual gap explains the dramatic price difference between the two grades. (Illustration — not a photo of your exact coin)
1998 Canadian Nickel — Proof-Like (PL): W Mint Mark vs. No Mark
Proof-Like nickels for 1998 were distributed in flat, sealed cellophane (pliofilm) packaging — Red card for Winnipeg sets, Black card for Ottawa sets. Total PL mintage: approximately 145,000. The W variety is the standard, common PL; the No-Mark Ottawa variety is the genuine scarcity. The mint mark (or its absence) appears below the Queen's bust truncation at approximately the 6 o'clock position. Sources: Calgary Coin; NGC KM-182.
| Finish / Facility | PL-63 | PL-64 | PL-65 | PL-66 | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PL — Winnipeg (W Mark, Red Card) | $1.50 | $2.50 | $5.00 | $15.00 | Standard PL variety for 1998. Common. No scarcity premium. |
| PL — Ottawa (No Mark, Black Card) | $4.00 | $8.00 | $15.00 | $40.00 | Scarcer variety. Ottawa production was limited relative to Winnipeg. A sleeper often overlooked by dealers. Commands 2×–3× the W PL price at equivalent grades. |
⚠️ PVC Damage Risk
Proof-Like coins stored in original pliofilm packaging since the late 1990s may develop green PVC residue on the coin's surface. If you see green slime or a greasy haze, the coin requires professional conservation with pure acetone — do not use nail polish remover or abrasive cloths. PVC-damaged coins lose all numismatic premium and revert to face value.
Three finishes side by side: Business Strike (left) showing rotating cartwheel luster with typical contact marks; Proof-Like W (center) with uniform mirror-like brilliance and the W mint mark visible below the bust; Specimen (right) with distinctive satin/brushed fields and brilliant devices. Identifying the correct finish is the critical first step to accurate valuation. (Illustration — not a photo of your exact coin)
1998 Canadian Nickel — Specimen & Silver Proof Values
These higher-tier issues were struck for specific collector markets and were never released into circulation. The Specimen finish features characteristic parallel-lined or brushed matte fields with brilliant devices. The Silver Proof issues are struck on sterling silver planchets with deep cameo contrast. Sources: Calgary Coin; NGC KM-182a; Numista — 90th Anniversary.
| Finish / Design | SP-65 / PR-65 | SP-66 / PR-66 | SP-67 / PR-67 | SP-68 / PR-68 | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Specimen (SP) — Standard Beaver | $4.00 | $8.00 | $15.00 | $30.00 | Lined/brushed fields under magnification. Sharp strike is standard. Ottawa only (no mint mark). |
| Silver Proof (PR) — Standard Beaver | $17.00 | $22.00 | $30.00 | $50.00 | Mintage: 93,632. From Double Dollar sets. Deep Cameo contrast is the standard expectation. Melt floor ~$17 CAD; PR-69/70 trophy grade: $100–$150. |
| Silver Proof (PR) — 90th Anniv. Fish Scale (1908–1998) | $15.00 | $20.00 | $30.00 | $45.00 | Matte finish (~24,893 mintage) commands +20%–30% over Mirror (~18,376 mintage). Tiny 15.5 mm coin. Check finish carefully (see Variants section). |
Values in CAD represent typical retail prices for problem-free coins as of February 2026. For the complete denomination price history, see our Canadian Nickel Value Guide.
Most Valuable 1998 Canadian Nickel Varieties
A. Trophy-Level Examples (Extreme Condition or Variety Rarity)
These represent the top tier of the 1998 nickel market — coins where condition extremity or variety scarcity drives values far above typical examples. Consult Geoffrey Bell Auctions and the NGC KM-182 Price Guide for recent realized prices on top-population examples.
| Variety | Why It Commands a Premium | Typical Requirement | Documented Value Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Business Strike MS-67 | Extreme condition rarity. Hard CuNi alloy, rapid die wear, and bulk-bin handling make a flawless, full-luster strike statistically improbable at this level. | ICCS or PCGS MS-67 | $180–$250 CAD |
| No-Mark PL PL-67 (Heavy Cameo) | Dual rarity: the Ottawa-struck PL sets were produced in lower quantities than the Winnipeg W sets, and finding a high-grade example creates a scarcity on two axes simultaneously. | ICCS or PCGS PL-67, Heavy Cameo | $80–$120 CAD |
| Silver Proof PR-69/70 | Despite a mintage of 93,632, milk spots and tarnishing from RCM packaging of this era make a spot-free, perfect example genuinely difficult to locate. | PCGS or NGC PR-70 DCAM | $100–$150 CAD |
Note for perspective: For the average collector, MS-65 or PL-66 represents a realistic and attainable high-grade target. Trophy-level prices above are driven in part by Registry Set competition among specialists.
B. Findable Varieties — Cherry-Picking Opportunities
These variants can be identified by examining coins from specific sources. Knowing what to look for allows collectors to cherry-pick undervalued examples from general lots or dealer inventories.
| Variant | How to Identify | Why It Is Distinct | Typical Premium |
|---|---|---|---|
| PL — No Mint Mark (Ottawa, Black Card) | No letter visible below the Queen's bust truncation. Finish is mirror-like (PL), not satin/lined (SP). | Most 1998 PL sets were struck in Winnipeg. Ottawa production was more limited, making this a genuine sleeper variety frequently overlooked at the dealer level. | 2×–3× the standard W PL price at equivalent grades |
| PL — W Mint Mark (Winnipeg, Red Card) | W present below the Queen's bust truncation. Mirror-like fields. | The standard Winnipeg PL variety for 1998. Historically significant as an explicit marker of Winnipeg's collector-set role, but not a rarity — often confused as rare by novices. | Baseline PL price — no additional premium |
| 90th Anniv. Fish Scale — Matte/Antique Proof | Dull, flat, grey surfaces on the tiny 15.5 mm coin. Surfaces appear non-reflective under direct light. | Mintage approximately 24,893. The antique/matte finish was reportedly unpopular with collectors and discontinued earlier in the production run. | +20% to +30% over Mirror Proof pricing |
| 90th Anniv. Fish Scale — Mirror Proof | Shiny, reflective surfaces on the tiny 15.5 mm coin. Fields show clear mirror reflections. | Mintage approximately 18,376. Replaced the Matte version in later set distributions; arguably more widely distributed despite the lower official mintage figure. | Standard Fish Scale Proof pricing |
Fish Scale proof finish comparison: the Matte/Antique proof (left) shows dull, flat grey, non-reflective surfaces — the rarer finish commanding a 20–30% premium. The Mirror proof (right) shows brilliant, reflective fields. Both are sterling silver at approximately 15.5 mm diameter. (Illustration — not a photo of your exact coin)
1998 Canadian Nickel Identification Guide
The 1998 5-cent landscape is potentially confusing because of the multiple finishes, the W vs. No-Mark PL split, and the existence of a completely different commemorative coin sharing the same year. Use this step-by-step checklist to determine exactly what you have — and which value table applies.
30-Second Identification Checklist
Step 1: Size Check — The Commemorative Filter
Visually assess or measure the coin's diameter:
- Approximately 15.5 mm (tiny): This is the 90th Anniversary Fish Scale Silver Proof. It is struck in sterling silver and came only from the 90th Anniversary 5-Coin Set. Proceed to Step 4 to determine Matte vs. Mirror finish.
- 21.2 mm (standard nickel size): This is the standard Beaver design. Proceed to Step 2.
Step 2: Magnet Test — Composition Verification
Apply a standard magnet to the coin:
- Coin sticks to magnet: This is not a genuine 1998 cupronickel nickel. Genuine 1998 nickels are non-magnetic. A magnetic response suggests a post-1999 plated-steel coin, a foreign planchet, or a possible wrong-planchet production anomaly — all outside the scope of this guide.
- Coin does not stick: Consistent with genuine 1998 cupronickel composition. Proceed to Step 3.
Magnet test: a genuine 1998 Canadian nickel (cupronickel, 75% Cu / 25% Ni) is non-magnetic and will not adhere to a magnet. Post-1999 Canadian nickels use plated-steel cores and are magnetic — a quick magnet test distinguishes the two generations instantly.
Step 3: Weight Test — Silver vs. Cupronickel
If a precision scale is available (accurate to 0.01 g):
- 4.60 g: Cupronickel — a circulation coin or base-metal collector issue (PL or SP). Proceed to Step 4.
- 5.35 g: Sterling Silver Proof — from the Double Dollar set. Refer to the Silver Proof Beaver row in the value table. Melt value approximately $16.93 CAD.
Step 4: Finish Identification — The Critical Step
For a 4.60 g, non-magnetic, 21.2 mm coin, the correct finish determines the value tier:
- Business Strike (Circulation): Cartwheel luster — rotating bands of reflected light when the coin is tilted under a single lamp. Fields are shiny but not deeply mirror-like. Contact marks (nicks, small scratches from bin handling) are common. No mint mark.
- Proof-Like (PL): Mirror-like fields that reflect surrounding objects. Resembles a proof coin but lacks the depth and frost contrast of a true proof. Originally distributed in a flat, sealed cellophane (pliofilm) packaging card. Proceed to Step 5 for mint mark identification.
- Specimen (SP): Satin or brushed fields — fine, uniform parallel striations visible under magnification. Devices (portrait and beaver) are sharply struck and fully brilliant. Squared, unrounded rims are a hallmark. No mint mark. Originally from a book-style case.
Step 5: Mint Mark Check — PL Variety Identification
If your coin has a Proof-Like mirror finish, examine the area immediately below the Queen's bust truncation (the lower rim of the portrait) at approximately the 6 o'clock position:
- Wvisible: Winnipeg PL — the common 1998 variety. Baseline PL pricing applies.
- No mark visible: Ottawa PL — the scarce variety. Commands 2×–3× the W PL price at equivalent grades. Confirm the finish is mirror-like (PL) rather than satin/lined (SP) before attributing.
Location of the W (Winnipeg) mint mark on 1998 Proof-Like nickels: look immediately below the Queen's bust truncation at the 6 o'clock position. W present = Winnipeg PL (common). No mark in this location = Ottawa PL (scarce, 2×–3× premium).
Step 6: Design Confirmation
- Obverse: Third portrait of Queen Elizabeth II by Canadian artist Dora de Pédery-Hunt (used 1990–2003) — the Diademed Head, showing the Queen wearing a diamond diadem and jewelry, facing right. Legend: ELIZABETH II D G REGINA.
- Reverse: G.E. Kruger-Gray's Beaver design (introduced 1937): a beaver perched atop a rock mound with stylized water lines below. Date 1998 appears below. Legend: CANADA 5 CENTS.
⚠️ Never Clean Your Coins
Cleaning strips original luster and leaves hairlines visible under magnification. Any grading service — ICCS, PCGS, or NGC — will assign a Details — Cleaned designation to a cleaned coin, eliminating all numismatic premium regardless of the coin's underlying detail. This applies equally to cupronickel and sterling silver issues.
1998 Canadian Nickel Value FAQs
What is a 1998 Canadian nickel worth?
A circulated 1998 Canadian nickel found in change is worth face value — it is a common base-metal coin with negligible intrinsic metal value. Uncirculated business strikes range from $0.25 (MS-60) to $60.00 (MS-66), with top-certified MS-67 examples reaching $180–$250 CAD. Proof-Like W coins trade from $1.50 to $15.00 by grade; the scarcer No-Mark PL trades from $4.00 to $40.00. Sterling silver proofs carry a melt floor of approximately $17 CAD for the standard beaver and start at $15.00 for the Fish Scale. All values in CAD as of February 2026.
Is the 1998 Canadian nickel rare?
The business strike is not rare — 156,873,000 were produced. However, gem-grade survivors (MS-65 and above) are genuine condition rarities because the hard cupronickel alloy caused rapid die deterioration and bulk-bag transport left most coins with significant contact marks. Within the Proof-Like category, the Ottawa No-Mark PL is a genuine variety rarity, produced in lower quantities than the far more common Winnipeg W PL.
What makes a 1998 Canadian nickel valuable?
Three factors drive premium value: grade — the value cliff between MS-64 ($3.00) and MS-65 ($22.00) illustrates how sharply condition matters; finish — Specimen and Proof-Like coins trade on entirely separate scales from business strikes; and variety — the No-Mark Ottawa PL commands 2×–3× the Winnipeg W PL price. For Silver Proofs, the silver spot price underpins the floor value, with condition and cameo contrast adding numismatic premium above it.
Is my 1998 Canadian nickel silver?
The standard 1998 nickel struck for circulation is not silver — it is cupronickel (75% copper, 25% nickel) and is non-magnetic. Sterling silver 1998 nickels exist only in two sealed collector formats: the Standard Beaver Silver Proof (21.2 mm, 5.35 g, from the Double Dollar set) and the 90th Anniversary Fish Scale Silver Proof (approximately 15.5 mm, 1.167 g, from the 90th Anniversary set). If your coin looks like a regular nickel and weighs 4.60 g, it is cupronickel with negligible metal value.
What is the W mint mark on the 1998 nickel, and is it rare?
The W mint mark on a 1998 nickel indicates it was struck at the Royal Canadian Mint's Winnipeg facility for inclusion in Proof-Like collector sets. It appears below the Queen's bust truncation at the 6 o'clock position. Importantly, the W is the common PL variety for 1998 — the Winnipeg facility produced the standard run of PL sets (Red card). The scarce variety is the No-Mark Ottawa PL (Black card), which commands 2×–3× the price. Many novices assume the marked coin is the rarity; for 1998, the reverse is true.
What is the difference between Proof-Like (PL) and Specimen (SP)?
Both are intentional collector-grade finishes, but they are visually and procedurally distinct. Proof-Like (PL) coins have mirror-like fields achieved through specially prepared planchets and dies; they were distributed in flat, sealed cellophane (pliofilm) card packaging. Specimen (SP) coins are struck twice at lower speeds on individually handled planchets, producing a distinctive lined or satin brushed field visible under magnification, with sharply squared rims and brilliant devices. SP coins come in book-style or clamshell cases. The two finishes have entirely separate value scales and should never be interchanged in pricing.
Should I get my 1998 Canadian nickel graded by ICCS, PCGS, or NGC?
Grading makes economic sense only above a certain value threshold. For business strikes, professional certification is generally worthwhile at MS-65 and above, where the coin is worth $22.00+ and authentication assurance justifies the grading fee. ICCS (International Coin Certification Service) is the market preference for domestic Canadian variety trading — particularly important for the No-Mark PL, where ICCS attribution carries weight with specialist buyers. PCGS and NGC are preferred for Registry Set competition, where a PCGS MS-67 commands a significant premium over an ICCS MS-66, driven by registry leaderboard dynamics rather than a fundamental difference in the coin's preservation. See the NGC KM-182 Price Guide for certified population context.
What is the 90th Anniversary Fish Scale coin?
In 1998 the Royal Canadian Mint celebrated its 90th anniversary — founded in Ottawa in 1908 — by reproducing the original 1908 5-cent coin design in sterling silver. Known as the Fish Scale for its small size and thin planchet, this miniature coin measures approximately 15.5 mm in diameter and weighs 1.167 g. It was struck in two distinct proof finishes: a Matte/Antique proof (approximately 24,893 mintage) and a Mirror proof (approximately 18,376 mintage). It was never struck for circulation and was available exclusively in the 90th Anniversary 5-Coin Set. See Numista — 90th Anniversary for specification details.
How do I distinguish the Matte from the Mirror Fish Scale proof?
Under direct light, the Matte/Antique proof surfaces appear dull, flat, and grey — almost like a naturally toned silver piece. The Mirror proof is unmistakably reflective, with deep mirror fields that show clear reflections of surrounding objects. The Matte finish was reportedly less popular with collectors when released, and production was discontinued in favour of the Mirror finish for later sets. The Matte commands a premium of approximately 20–30% over Mirror pricing at equivalent grades. Both coins are sterling silver and approximately 15.5 mm — size alone does not differentiate the two finishes.
Why are high-grade 1998 business-strike nickels so hard to find?
Two factors compound each other. First, the hardness of the cupronickel alloy caused dies to wear relatively quickly, and many 1998 strikes exhibit softness in the beaver's fur detail even on early-die examples — meaning weakly struck coins were common from the start. Second, all 156 million coins were transported in large canvas bags after minting, generating the contact marks known as bag chatter that account for most grades between MS-60 and MS-64. A genuinely clean, full-luster, contact-free surface at MS-65 is the exception for a coin produced and handled at this scale.
Methodology & Sources
Values in this guide represent typical retail market prices in Canadian Dollars as of February 2026, synthesized from the following primary sources:
- Charlton Standard Catalogue of Canadian Coins: The definitive Canadian coin reference for variety attribution (W vs. No-Mark PL) and grading spreads.
- NGC World Coin Price Guide — KM-182 (Cupronickel 5 Cents, 1990–2003): Certified population and market value reference for business strike and PL issues.
- NGC World Coin Price Guide — KM-182a (Sterling Silver 5 Cents): Silver proof valuation and population reference.
- Calgary Coin — Canadian 5-Cent Value Guide: Specialist dealer pricing for PL, SP, and variety premiums including W vs. No-Mark differentials.
- Geoffrey Bell Auctions — 1998 Five Cents: Realized auction prices for high-grade and variety examples.
- Numista — Canada 5 Cents, Elizabeth II 3rd Portrait (Cupronickel), Silver Proof variant, and 90th Anniversary commemorative: Specification confirmation and mintage data.
- Royal Canadian Mint — 5 Cents: Official alloy specifications and historical context.
- SilverPrice.org — Silver Price Canada: Silver spot price (CAD) reference for melt value calculations as of February 7, 2026.
Values represent typical retail prices for problem-free, uncleaned coins. Raw (ungraded), cleaned, or environmentally damaged coins trade at significant discounts. Market prices fluctuate with silver spot prices and collector demand — consult current auction archives and dealer inventories for the most recently realized prices. This guide covers standard (non-error) varieties only; production errors are explicitly outside its scope.
A note on images: To help illustrate coin diagnostics and rare varieties — especially complex errors that are difficult to describe in text alone — this guide uses AI-generated images. All written values, diagnostics, and variety attributions have been manually reviewed against the cited sources above. While our editorial team works to ensure every image is accurate and helpful, AI-generated illustrations may occasionally misrepresent fine details. If you spot any discrepancy between an image and its written description, please contact us or leave a comment below — we review all feedback and correct errors promptly. Numismatic knowledge is a community effort, and your input helps us build a more accurate resource for everyone.