2001 Canadian 1-Cent (Penny) Value Guide
Find out what your 2001 Canadian penny is worth. Complete CAD price guide covering all four finishes — zinc Business Strike, Proof-Like, Specimen, and bronze Proof — by grade, with values as of February 2026.
Most 2001 Canadian pennies (zinc, no “P” mark) are worth $0.01 face value. The year has three distinct compositions; value depends on which type you hold, its grade, and color preservation.
- Circulated zinc (no “P”, VG–AU):$0.01 face value
- Uncirculated zinc (MS60–62):$0.05–$0.25
- Choice Uncirculated (MS63 Red, zinc):$0.30–$0.50
- Gem Uncirculated (MS65 Red, zinc):$8.00–$13.00
- Superb Gem (MS66 Red, zinc):$20.00–$30.00
- Proof-Like “P” (PL65 Red, steel):$3.00–$5.00
- Specimen “P” (SP65 Red, steel):$3.00–$6.00
- Proof (PR65 DCAM, bronze):$4.00–$6.00
Found in change? Worth $0.01 unless it is a pristine, spot-free Full Red specimen — zinc rot destroys most survivors. Shiny or from a set? Check for a “P” below the Queen’s neck truncation: that marks a plated-steel collector issue (PL or SP), not a rare circulation find. A deeply mirrored coin with no “P” is likely a bronze Proof from a prestige set. Is it silver? No — no 2001 Canadian penny in any finish contains silver or gold. All values in CAD as of February 2026. See full value chart →
The 2001 Canadian penny belongs to the Dora de Pédery-Hunt portrait era (1990–2003), historically significant as the first Canadian coin series to bear an effigy of a reigning monarch designed by a Canadian artist. The year is metallurgically complex, presenting collectors with three distinct compositions in a single denomination: copper-plated zinc struck for general circulation, Multi-Ply Plated Steel reserved exclusively for Proof-Like and Specimen collector sets, and solid bronze for prestige Proof sets. That three-way split makes composition identification the essential first step before any valuation can begin. For historical values across all years of the Canadian penny, see our Canadian Penny Value Guide. Note: Production errors such as off-center strikes, clips, and wrong-planchet coins exist for 2001 but are outside the scope of this standard value guide.
2001 Canadian Penny Composition & Melt Value
The 2001 Canadian penny has three distinct metallurgical profiles depending on the product it was issued in. Identifying the composition is the first diagnostic step, because it immediately determines finish, value range, and authentication method. Technical specifications are also cross-referenced at the Saskatoon Coin Club’s Canadian Circulation Coin Physical Specifications reference.
Circulation: Copper-Plated Zinc (No “P” Mark)
The standard coin encountered in everyday commerce uses copper-plated zinc technology. The zinc core (98.4%) provides cost-effective bulk, while a micron-thin copper plating (1.6%) delivers the traditional penny appearance. This plating is extremely fragile: any microscopic breach exposes the zinc core to oxygen and moisture, triggering zinc rot — a corrosive process that bleaches the coin from the inside out with white, chalky, powdery spots. A coin affected by zinc rot is permanently damaged and reverts to face value regardless of its original condition.
Magnet test: Zinc is diamagnetic. A standard 2001 circulation penny will not respond to a magnet. Non-attraction is the expected, normal result for this type.
Color designation guide for the 2001 penny: Red (RD, full mint lustre), Red-Brown (RB, partial toning), Brown (BN, fully toned), and zinc rot damage (white chalky corrosion spots). Color preservation is the single largest value driver for uncirculated 2001 zinc pennies. (Illustration — not a photo of your exact coin)
Collector Sets: Multi-Ply Plated Steel (“P” Mark)
Coins found in 2001 Uncirculated (Proof-Like) and Specimen sets were struck on the Royal Canadian Mint’s proprietary Multi-Ply Plated Steel (MPPS) planchets. A steel core (94%) is coated with a nickel binding layer (1.5%) and a copper surface layer (4.5%). These coins bear a capital “P” below the Queen’s neck truncation on the obverse, indicating Plated composition — this is a composition mark, not a geographic mint mark. These coins were not issued for general circulation.
Magnet test: The steel core makes these coins strongly magnetic. This is the single most reliable field test to confirm a collector-issue coin. If a 2001 penny without a visible “P” mark is magnetic, it may represent a significant production anomaly that falls outside the scope of this guide.
Proof: Solid Bronze (No “P” Mark)
The 2001 Proof penny, found in prestige Silver Proof Sets and Double Dollar Sets, retains the classic bronze alloy — the only 2001 variety to use a traditional solid alloy rather than a plated substrate. At 2.50 g, it is the heaviest of the three types; a precision scale can confirm its identity when other diagnostics are inconclusive. The bronze alloy supports the deep mirror fields and heavily frosted maple leaf twig devices characteristic of its Deep Cameo (DCAM) finish.
Magnet test: Non-magnetic. Bronze contains no ferrous metals.
The three 2001 Canadian penny types compared by weight: 2.25 g zinc circulation (left), 2.35 g plated-steel collector issue (centre), and 2.50 g bronze Proof (right). Weight is a useful secondary diagnostic when visual cues are ambiguous. (Illustration — not a photo of your exact coin)
Melt Value
No 2001 Canadian penny in any finish contains silver or gold. The circulation zinc coin’s metal content is worth approximately face value or less at current industrial zinc prices, and the thin copper plating cannot be economically recovered. Refining costs exceed the value of the recovered metal for all three compositions. The steel and bronze variants carry similarly negligible intrinsic metal value. Numismatic collectibility — not metal content — drives all valuation for this issue.
⚠️ Never Clean Your 2001 Penny
Cleaning strips the original copper lustre and leaves hairlines visible under magnification. On zinc planchets, mechanical cleaning can breach the copper plating and accelerate zinc rot. A cleaned coin is graded “Details” (damaged) by ICCS and PCGS and loses all numismatic premium regardless of its underlying detail.
2001 Canadian Penny Value Chart by Grade & Finish
Values below reflect typical market prices in CAD as of February 2026, sourced from Charlton (2024), NGC Canada Cent Price Guide (KM 289), Coins & Canada (2025), and retail listings. All MS63+ and PL/SP65+ prices assume Full Red (RD) designation. Red-Brown (RB) and Brown (BN) coins in uncirculated grades trade at significantly lower values.
The four finishes of the 2001 Canadian penny: Business Strike (cartwheel lustre), Proof-Like (brilliant mirror fields), Specimen (matte or parallel-lined fields with frosted devices), and Proof (deep mirror fields with heavily frosted devices / Deep Cameo). (Illustration — not a photo of your exact coin)
2001 Canadian Penny — Business Strike (Zinc, No “P”)
Mintage: 928,434,000 | Non-magnetic | No composition or mint mark
| Type | VG–AU | MS60–62 | MS63 Red | MS65 Red | MS66 Red | MS67 Red | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2001 No P (Zinc) | $0.01 | $0.05–$0.25 | $0.30–$0.50 | $8.00–$13.00 | $20.00–$30.00 | ~$60–$80 | MS68 Red: ~$150–$300 (estimated). All prices assume RD; RB/BN coins trade at a significant discount. Sources: Charlton (2024), NGC (2026), Coins & Canada (2025) |
The dramatic jump from MS63 Red ($0.30–$0.50) to MS65 Red ($8.00–$13.00) reflects the difficulty of surviving mint-bag handling without contact marks on the soft zinc planchet. Zinc rot further devastates the gem-grade population — a single spot reduces a potential MS66 ($20–$30) coin to face value. Despite the nearly billion-coin mintage, a spot-free, full-Red example at MS65 or above is genuinely rare in practice.
⚠️ Zinc Storage Warning
Store 2001 zinc pennies in low-humidity, PVC-free holders. PVC flips can accelerate the corrosion that causes zinc rot, permanently destroying the coin’s numismatic premium. Non-PVC mylar flips or inert coin tubes are recommended.
Grade comparison for the 2001 Canadian zinc penny: circulated (worn, left), MS63 Red (choice uncirculated with minor bag marks, centre), and MS65 Red (gem, virtually mark-free with blazing copper lustre, right). The value cliff between MS63 and MS65 is dramatic for this issue due to zinc planchet fragility and the threat of zinc rot. (Illustration — not a photo of your exact coin)
2001 Canadian Penny — Proof-Like (PL, “P” Mark, Steel)
Mintage: ~115,897 | Magnetic | “P” mark below Queen’s neck truncation | Charlton RC-249 | From red pliofilm Uncirculated Sets
| Type | Typical (BU/PL) | PL65 Red | PL66–67 Red | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2001 “P” Proof-Like (Steel) | $0.50–$1.00 | $3.00–$5.00 | $10.00–$15.00 | Sources: Calgary Coin, Charlton (2024) |
ℹ️ Why Are High-Grade “P” Coins Less Valuable Than Circulation Coins at the Same Grade?
Counter-intuitively, a PL coin at PL66/67 ($10–$15) is worth less than a circulation coin at MS66 ($20–$30). PL set coins were sealed in protective pliofilm packaging immediately after striking, making high grades relatively straightforward to achieve. A mint-state zinc circulation coin had to survive bag handling, transit, and decades of storage entirely unprotected — making its survival far rarer and therefore more valuable at the same numerical grade.
⚠️ PVC Damage Risk on Pliofilm Sets
Proof-Like coins stored in original red pliofilm packaging may develop green PVC residue over time. If you find a green slick on the coin surface, it requires professional conservation with pure acetone — do not use nail polish remover. PVC-damaged coins lose all numismatic premium and revert to face or melt value.
2001 Canadian Penny — Specimen (SP, “P” Mark, Steel)
Mintage: 54,613 | Magnetic | “P” mark below Queen’s neck truncation | Charlton RC-250 | From book-style Specimen Sets
| Type | Typical (BU/SP) | SP65 Red | SP66–67 Red | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2001 “P” Specimen (Steel) | $1.50–$2.50 | $3.00–$6.00 | $12.00–$18.00 | Sources: Coins & Canada (2025), RCM Annual Report (2001) |
The Specimen finish is visually distinct from the Proof-Like: devices (the maple leaf twig and portrait) carry a brilliant, frosted appearance while the fields have a matte or fine parallel-lined texture — essentially the inverse of a traditional Proof cameo. This double-struck finish delivers sharper detail and a distinctive aesthetic that commands a modest premium over the PL at top grades. The lower mintage of Specimen sets (54,613 vs. ~115,897 for PL) translates into marginally firmer values at the high end.
2001 Canadian Penny — Proof (Bronze, No “P”)
Mintage: ~127,862 | Non-magnetic | No “P” mark | From Silver Proof Sets and Double Dollar Sets | Examples available at Colonial Acres Coins
| Type | PR65 DCAM | PR67 DCAM | PR69 DCAM | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2001 Proof (Bronze) | $4.00–$6.00 | $10.00–$15.00 | $30.00–$45.00 | PR70 DCAM: ~$100–$150 (estimated). Deep mirror fields; heavily frosted maple twig. Sources: PCGS Price Guide (2026), Calgary Coin (2025) |
The Proof penny is the finest-struck example of the 2001 cent. Fields are deeply mirrored, and the raised maple leaf twig is heavily frosted — the defining contrast of the Deep Cameo (DCAM) designation. Note that despite appearing in “Silver” Proof Sets, the penny itself is solid bronze, not silver. The solid bronze alloy provides a richer, more stable strike surface than the plated varieties and offers superior long-term toning stability. Sources: NGC Canada Cent Price Guide (KM 289).
All values in CAD as of February 2026. For the complete denomination price guide across all years, see our Canadian Penny Value Guide.
Most Valuable 2001 Canadian Penny Varieties
The 2001 Canadian penny has no major die varieties of the type seen in earlier decades (such as Bead varieties or numeral varieties). Value is driven entirely by conditional rarity (grade and color preservation), finish type, and composition attribution. The Edmonton Numismatic Society’s article A Good Decade for Cent Varieties provides useful context for this era of Canadian cent collecting.
A. Trophy-Level Finds (Condition Rarity)
These values represent the ceiling of the 2001 penny market — achievable only by submitting and achieving top grades with ICCS or PCGS. They are not typical values.
| Coin | Why Valuable | Documented Value (CAD) | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2001 No P (Zinc), MS67 Red | Statistical rarity: top 0.1% of zinc penny survivors. Often “registry set” quality requiring a perfect strike, zero bag marks, and flawless copper plating. | ~$60–$80 | The Toronto Coin Shop — ICCS MS-67 Red sold listing |
| 2001 No P (Zinc), MS68 Red | Statistical improbability: achieving MS68 on a zinc coin requires a perfect strike, zero bag marks, and flawless copper plating preserved for over two decades. | ~$150–$300 (est.) | PCGS Census market analysis (2026) |
| 2001 Proof (Bronze), PR70 DCAM | Absolute perfection: zero imperfections visible under 5× magnification. While Proofs are well-made, a “70” grade is scarce even on this well-struck issue. | ~$100–$150 (est.) | Registry Data (2025) |
The MS67 Red value is based on a documented sold listing at The Toronto Coin Shop. The MS68 Red and PR70 DCAM values are noted as estimates in the source material, based on comparable sales rather than direct auction records.
B. Findable Varieties: Composition and Finish Attribution
The three “findable” varieties of 2001 are defined by composition and finish. Coins broken out of original sets and sold loose are frequently mislabeled or unattributed, creating cherry-picking opportunities for informed collectors who know how to identify them.
| Variety | Charlton # | How to Identify | Why It’s Rarer | Typical Raw Premium |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2001 “P” Proof-Like (Steel) | RC-249 | “P” below Queen’s neck; strongly magnetic; brilliant mirror fields | Issued only in Uncirculated sets; often broken out and confused with circulation coins or raw BU examples | $1–$3 |
| 2001 “P” Specimen (Steel) | RC-250 | “P” below Queen’s neck; strongly magnetic; matte or parallel-lined fields | Distinct double-struck finish with sharper detail than PL; from book-style Specimen sets only | $2–$5 |
| 2001 Proof (Bronze) | — | No “P”; non-magnetic; deep mirror fields with frosted maple twig (DCAM) | Solid bronze composition unique this year; found only in prestige Proof sets | $5–$10 |
C. Debunking the “2001 W” Penny
ℹ️ There Is No Verified 2001 “W” Mint Mark Penny
The Winnipeg “W” mint mark appeared on certain collector-set coins in 1998 and 2000, but was not used on the 2001 1-cent coin. The “P” mark on 2001 collector issues indicates the plated steel composition, not a geographic Winnipeg designation. Listings claiming a “2001 W” Canadian penny are widely regarded as misattributions of 2000-W coins or misreadings of U.S. West Point coinage. Do not pay any premium for a purported “2001 W” cent without a verified Charlton attribution.
2001 Canadian Penny Identification Guide
Use this checklist to identify exactly which 2001 Canadian penny you hold. You need only a strong magnet and a magnifying loupe.
Step 1: Confirm the Coin’s Design
- Obverse: Dora de Pédery-Hunt’s diademed portrait of Queen Elizabeth II, facing right, wearing the Diamond Diadem and a necklace. Legend reads ELIZABETH II D.G. REGINA. This portrait was used on all Canadian coins from 1990 to 2003.
- Reverse: G.E. Kruger-Gray’s double maple leaf twig design. Legends read CANADA (top) and 1 CENT (bottom).
- Date:2001 appears on the obverse.
- Edge: Plain (smooth) on all three compositions.
2001 Canadian penny: obverse (left) showing Dora de Pédery-Hunt’s diademed portrait of Queen Elizabeth II with legend ELIZABETH II D.G. REGINA, and reverse (right) showing G.E. Kruger-Gray’s maple leaf twig with CANADA 1 CENT. The “P” composition mark, when present, appears directly below the Queen’s neck truncation on the obverse.
Step 2: The “P” Mark Check — Primary Diagnostic
Inspect the obverse directly below the truncation of the Queen’s neck. Look for a capital letter P.
- “P” is present → Collector issue (Plated Steel). Proceed to Step 3 to determine PL vs. SP.
- No “P” → Either a Circulation Strike (Zinc) or a Proof (Bronze). Proceed to Step 4.
Close-up of the 2001 Canadian penny obverse showing the location of the “P” composition mark directly below the Queen’s neck truncation. The “P” denotes Multi-Ply Plated Steel composition — it is a composition indicator, not a geographic mint mark.
Step 3: Finish Identification (For “P” Coins)
Tilt the coin under a single directional light source and examine the fields (the flat background areas):
- Fields are brilliant and highly reflective (mirror-like) →Proof-Like (PL). From sealed red pliofilm Uncirculated Sets (Charlton RC-249). Fields are reflective but lack the heavy device frosting of a true Proof.
- Fields have a matte, satin, or fine parallel-lined texture while devices appear shiny and frosted →Specimen (SP). From book-style Specimen Sets (Charlton RC-250). The contrast here is the reverse of a standard Proof cameo: devices are brilliant, fields are matte.
Step 4: Magnet Test and Mirror Test (For Non-“P” Coins)
Apply two tests in sequence:
- Mirror test (visual first): Can you clearly see your reflection in the coin’s fields? Yes → likely a Proof (Bronze). No → likely a Circulation Strike (Zinc).
- Magnet test:
- No magnet attraction → Normal for both Zinc (Circulation) and Bronze (Proof). Use the mirror test above to distinguish them.
- Strong magnet attraction on a coin with no visible “P” → Unusual and potentially significant. A magnetic 2001 penny without a “P” may indicate a production anomaly. This scenario is outside the scope of this standard value guide.
Magnet test for the 2001 Canadian penny: the plated-steel collector-issue coin (“P” coin) clings to the magnet (left), while the non-magnetic zinc circulation coin and bronze Proof fall away (right). Magnetism is the fastest single-step test to confirm a collector-set coin. (Illustration — not a photo of your exact coin)
Step 5: Color and Condition Triage (For Zinc Circulation Coins)
For zinc circulation coins, color preservation drives virtually all value:
- Red (RD): Color of a new copper pipe, no spots, no discoloration → Potential keeper at $5+ if mark-free
- Red-Brown (RB): Fading copper color with some brown toning → face value ($0.01)
- Brown (BN): Fully toned, dark brown appearance → face value ($0.01)
- Zinc Rot: White, chalky, or powdery spots on the surface → Damaged; face value only. The zinc core has corroded and the damage cannot be reversed.
💡 Grading Economics: The Value Cliff
Professional grading with ICCS or PCGS costs approximately $20–$40 per coin, which exceeds the numismatic value of any 2001 penny below MS65 Red. Only consider submitting a coin that is spot-free, full Red, and appears to be MS66 or higher. Carbon spots (black spots) — even a single one — cause Canadian market participants to price a coin several grade points below its technical grade. For most collectors, purchasing a pre-graded ICCS or PCGS example is more cost-effective than submitting raw coins.
Step 6: ICCS vs. PCGS/NGC
ICCS (International Coin Certification Service) is the dominant standard for Canadian variety attribution and is generally regarded as the strictest technical grader for domestic issues; an ICCS MS65 is highly respected in the Canadian market. PCGS holders often command a premium for “Registry Set” collectors and in international auction settings, particularly for top-population examples. Specifications can be cross-referenced at Numista’s 1-Cent Elizabeth II (3rd Portrait) reference page.
2001 Canadian Penny Value FAQs
What is a 2001 Canadian penny worth?
Most 2001 Canadian pennies found in circulation are worth exactly $0.01 (face value). A pristine, spot-free Full Red (RD) example grades MS65 Red and is worth $8.00–$13.00 CAD; an MS66 Red is worth $20.00–$30.00 CAD. Collector-set varieties range from $0.50 raw (PL) to $45+ at top Proof grades. The Canadian penny was withdrawn from circulation on February 4, 2013, but 2001 examples remain extremely plentiful.
Is the 2001 Canadian penny rare?
No. The circulation strike had a mintage of 928,434,000 — nearly one billion coins. As a date, it is entirely common. Rarity is conditional, not absolute: a flawless MS66 Red example or a PR70 DCAM Proof is scarce in that specific condition, but the date itself is not. All three collector-issue types (PL, SP, Proof) had mintages under 130,000 each, making them significantly scarcer by volume, though still readily available on the secondary market.
What are the three types of 2001 Canadian penny, and how do I tell them apart?
The three types are: (1) Circulation zinc — no “P” mark, non-magnetic, 2.25 g; (2) Collector-set plated steel — “P” mark below the Queen’s neck, strongly magnetic, 2.35 g — subdivided into Proof-Like (brilliant mirror fields) and Specimen (matte/lined fields); and (3) Proof bronze — no “P” mark, non-magnetic, 2.50 g, with deep mirror fields and heavily frosted devices. The “P” mark check followed by the magnet test identifies all three types in under 30 seconds.
How do I find and verify the “P” mark on my 2001 penny?
The “P” appears as a small capital letter directly below the truncation of the Queen’s neck on the obverse, near the coin’s lower rim. Use a 5×–10× loupe in good directional lighting. The “P” indicates the coin was struck on Multi-Ply Plated Steel and issued exclusively in Uncirculated (PL) or Specimen collector sets — it is not a geographic mint mark indicating Winnipeg or any other facility. A confirmed “P” plus strong magnetic attraction provides definitive attribution as a collector-set coin.
What is zinc rot, and how does it affect my 2001 penny’s value?
Zinc rot occurs when the thin copper plating on a circulation 2001 penny is breached — even microscopically — allowing the zinc core to oxidize. It appears as white, chalky, or powdery spots on the coin’s surface. Once zinc rot begins, it cannot be halted without further damaging the coin. A coin with zinc rot is graded “Details” (damaged) by certification services and reverts to $0.01 face value regardless of its original condition. Low-humidity, PVC-free storage is essential for long-term preservation.
Is my 2001 Canadian penny silver?
No. No 2001 Canadian penny in any finish contains silver or gold. The three compositions are copper-plated zinc (circulation), Multi-Ply Plated Steel (collector sets), and solid bronze (Proof) — none include precious metals. The “silver” designation in the name of the “Silver Proof Set” refers to other denominations within the set (typically the dollar coin), not to the penny itself.
Should I have my 2001 penny professionally graded?
Only if you have a strong candidate. Professional grading with PCGS or ICCS costs approximately $20–$40 per coin, which exceeds the numismatic value of any 2001 penny below MS65 Red. The grading economics are only favorable for coins that appear to be MS66 Red or higher, or Proof coins at PR67 DCAM and above. For most collectors, purchasing a pre-graded example is more economical than submitting raw coins. Note that ICCS is generally stricter for Canadian varieties, while PCGS holders may command premiums in international settings.
Is there a 2001 Canadian penny with a “W” mint mark?
No verified “W” (Winnipeg) mint mark variety exists for the 2001 Canadian 1-cent coin. The Winnipeg “W” mark appeared on certain collector coins in 1998 and 2000 but was not used on 2001 pennies. The “P” mark on 2001 collector issues denotes plated steel composition, not a Winnipeg geographic designation. Listings claiming a “2001 W” cent are widely considered misattributions of 2000-W coins or misreadings of U.S. West Point coinage. Do not pay a premium without verified Charlton attribution.
Methodology & Sources
Values in this guide reflect typical CAD market prices as of February 2026, synthesized from the authoritative sources listed below. Market prices are representative ranges and will fluctuate with auction results and collector demand. This guide covers standard (non-error) values only.
- Charlton Standard Catalogue of Canadian Coins (75th Edition, 2024/2025) — Primary authority for variety listings (RC-249, RC-250) and baseline pricing
- NGC Canada Cent Price Guide (KM 289) — Comparative valuation and census context
- Calgary Coin — Canadian Cent Listings — Retail pricing benchmarks for PL and SP issues
- Royal Canadian Mint — 1-Cent page — Official specification confirmations and historical mintage data
- Coins and Canada (coinsandcanada.com) — Real-time market trends and historical auction data
- The Toronto Coin Shop — ICCS MS-67 Red sold listing — Documented retail sale for MS67 trophy-grade example
- Numista — 1-Cent Elizabeth II (3rd Portrait) — Cross-reference for specifications
- Saskatoon Coin Club — Canadian Circulation Coin Physical Specifications — Technical specification reference
- Edmonton Numismatic Society — A Good Decade for Cent Varieties — Contextual reference for this era of Canadian cent collecting
- PCGS Price Guide & CoinFacts — Census data and registry reference for high-grade rarity
- ICCS Population Reports — Grade distribution data within the Canadian market
- Wikipedia — Penny (Canadian coin) — Series context and general background
Disclaimer: This guide is for informational purposes only. Coin values fluctuate with market conditions. Always consult a reputable dealer or recent auction records before making buying or selling decisions.
A note on images: To help illustrate coin diagnostics and rare varieties — especially complex errors that are difficult to describe in text alone — this guide uses AI-generated images. All written values, diagnostics, and variety attributions have been manually reviewed against the cited sources above. While our editorial team works to ensure every image is accurate and helpful, AI-generated illustrations may occasionally misrepresent fine details. If you spot any discrepancy between an image and its written description, please contact us or leave a comment below — we review all feedback and correct errors promptly. Numismatic knowledge is a community effort, and your input helps us build a more accurate resource for everyone.