1928 Lincoln Wheat Cent Value Guide: P, D, S Mint Marks
1928 penny values range from $1 to $45,600. Covers Philadelphia, Denver (31M mintage), and scarce San Francisco (17M) varieties including the valuable Large S FS-501.
The 1928 Lincoln Wheat Cent is worth $1 to $45,600 depending on mint mark, grade, and color.
- 1928 Philadelphia (no mint mark): $1 – $37,500 (MS-68 RD)
- 1928-D Denver: $1 – $12,600 (MS-66 RD condition rarity)
- 1928-S San Francisco: $0.90 – $45,600 (semi-key date, low 17.2M mintage)
- 1928-S Large S (FS-501): 2-3x premium over regular Small S
The San Francisco issue is the scarcest with only 17.2 million struck. For Mint State coins, original red (RD) color commands premiums up to 16 times higher than brown (BN) examples.
What's Your 1928 Cent Worth?
Select your coin's mint mark and condition to get a value estimate.
Focus on choosing the right sales channel to maximize your return.
Expected: ()
1928 Lincoln Wheat Cent: Overview and Value Drivers
The 1928 Lincoln Wheat Cent features Victor David Brenner's design used from 1909-1958
The 1928 Lincoln Wheat Cent series comprises three distinct mint issues that present a clear hierarchy of scarcity and value. The Philadelphia strike dominates production with 134.1 million coins, making it readily available in most grades. The Denver issue, with 31.2 million struck, stands as the middle child—scarcer than Philadelphia but often plagued by weak strikes. The San Francisco mint produced just 17.3 million cents, establishing the 1928-S as a recognized semi-key date for the entire Lincoln Cent series.
Market values are dictated by two primary factors: certified grade and the preservation of original red color for Mint State specimens. The most significant collectible variety is the 1928-S "Large S" (FS-501), a scarce mint mark style that commands premiums of 2-3 times over the common "Small S" variety. This guide covers authentication, grading standards, variety attribution, and current market values across all three mints.
How to Identify Your 1928 Lincoln Cent
The 1928 cent features Victor David Brenner's design introduced in 1909. The obverse displays Abraham Lincoln's portrait facing right, with "IN GOD WE TRUST" inscribed at the top, "LIBERTY" to the left, and the date "1928" to the right. The reverse showcases the "Wheat Ears" design, featuring two wheat stalks flanking the denomination, with "E PLURIBUS UNUM" at the top and "ONE CENT" with "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA" in the center.
Mint marks appear below the date: no mark for Philadelphia, 'D' for Denver, 'S' for San Francisco
Mint Mark Identification
The mint mark, when present, appears on the obverse below the date. Philadelphia coins bear no mint mark—the area below the date is blank. Denver-struck cents display a small "D" below the date, while San Francisco issues show a small "S" in this position.
For the 1928-S issue, two distinct mint mark styles exist. The standard "Small S" is thin and refined, representing the mint mark style used regularly since 1917. The scarce "Large S" (FS-501) variety displays a noticeably thicker, blobbier appearance—a holdover style not seen in decades that was briefly revived in 1928. This variety is naked-eye visible when compared side-by-side with the Small S.
The 1928-S Large S (FS-501) variety shows a noticeably thicker, blobbier mint mark
All Business Strikes
All 182.5 million cents minted in 1928 across the three facilities were standard business strikes intended for commercial circulation. The U.S. Mint did not produce proof cents in 1928. This year falls within a 20-year hiatus in proof production—the "Matte Proof" era ended in 1916, and "Brilliant Proof" production did not resume until 1936.
1928 Lincoln Cent Price Guide by Mint and Grade
The following valuations reflect retail prices for certified, problem-free coins based on PCGS and NGC price guides and recent auction results. For uncirculated (Mint State) grades, values are separated by the critical copper color designations: Brown (BN), Red-Brown (RB), and Red (RD). These designations have dramatic effects on value—a 1928-S in MS-65 BN is worth approximately $350, while the identical coin in MS-65 RD commands $5,700.
Circulated grades show progressive wear on Lincoln's features and wheat stalks
1928 Philadelphia Lincoln Cent (No Mint Mark)
As the highest mintage issue with 134.1 million coins struck, the 1928-P is the most common and readily available in all circulated grades. Mint State examples are affordable up to MS-65, with the strike typically strong. Value escalation remains minimal until reaching the Superb Gem MS-67 level, where the coin becomes a true condition rarity.
The auction record stands at $22,800 for a PCGS MS-68 RD sold on January 19, 2025 (PCGS CoinFacts). Notably, the PCGS Price Guide values this grade at $37,500, indicating recent auction results trade significantly below guide prices for this top-population coin.
| Grade | Brown (BN) | Red-Brown (RB) | Red (RD) |
|---|---|---|---|
| G-4 | $1.00 | — | — |
| VF-20 | $3.00 | — | — |
| EF-40 | $3.00 | — | — |
| AU-50 | $5.00 | — | — |
| MS-63 | $26 | $35 – $50 | $55 – $75 |
| MS-65 | $45 – $60 | $90 – $120 | $190 – $450 |
| MS-66 | $100 – $130 | $150 – $170 | $450 – $500 |
| MS-67 | $500 – $700 | $900 – $1,100 | $1,300 |
| MS-68 | — | — | $22,800 – $37,500 |
1928-D Denver Lincoln Cent
With a mintage of 31.2 million, the 1928-D is significantly scarcer than Philadelphia. These coins are frequently characterized by weaker strikes, making sharply detailed examples more desirable and valuable. The coin demonstrates extreme condition rarity—it is readily available in grades up to MS-65, but a dramatic value cliff exists at MS-66 RD.
The auction record is $12,600 for a PCGS MS-66 RD (Heritage Auctions). This price is justified by population data: a combined 19 examples are graded MS-66 RD by PCGS and NGC, with zero coins graded finer. Significant pricing divergence exists—the PCGS Price Guide values MS-65 RD at $1,500, yet a 2021 auction realized only $420 for a PCGS-graded example. The market appears to favor auction realizations over aspirational guide prices for this issue.
| Grade | Brown (BN) | Red-Brown (RB) | Red (RD) |
|---|---|---|---|
| G-4 | $1.00 – $3.00 | — | — |
| VF-20 | $2.60 – $8.00 | — | — |
| EF-40 | $8.00 – $14.00 | — | — |
| AU-50 | $18.00 – $22.00 | — | — |
| MS-63 | $65 – $70 | $80 – $100 | $150 – $200 |
| MS-64 | $100 – $105 | $100 – $190 | $275 – $350 |
| MS-65 | $230 – $275 | $310 – $380 | $420 – $1,500 |
| MS-66 | $890 | $680 | $12,600+ |
1928-S San Francisco Lincoln Cent (Small S / Base Strike)
The 1928-S is the rarest of the three issues and a well-known semi-key date in the Lincoln Cent series, owing to its low mintage of 17.3 million coins. It carries strong premiums in all grades. The auction record for the base Small S variety is $45,600 for a PCGS MS-66 RD, sold April 26, 2020 (PCGS CoinFacts).
Analysis of surviving populations reveals a critical nuance: the 1928-S in MS-65 Brown is considered the scarcest of all 1909-1928 San Francisco struck cents. Conversely, in MS-60 Red, it ranks relatively common (15th place). This pattern suggests many uncirculated coins were hoarded at issue, preserving their red color, but most sustained nicks and scratches preventing Gem grades. The true rarity is condition—a high-grade, mark-free surface—not necessarily color.
| Grade | Brown (BN) | Red-Brown (RB) | Red (RD) |
|---|---|---|---|
| G-4 | $0.90 – $2.00 | — | — |
| VF-20 | $9.50 – $15.00 | — | — |
| EF-40 | $17.50 – $20.00 | — | — |
| AU-50 | $26.00 – $34.00 | — | — |
| MS-63 | $150 – $225 | $185 – $265 | $400 – $475 |
| MS-64 | $190 – $225 | $265 – $850 | $1,500 – $1,850 |
| MS-65 | $350 – $400 | $600 – $700 | $5,500 – $5,900 |
| MS-66 | $1,200 – $2,000 | $1,850 – $5,700 | $23,000 – $45,600 |
Grading Your 1928 Lincoln Cent
Accurate grading is essential for determining market value. For circulated coins, the condition of Lincoln's portrait and the wheat stalks on the reverse are primary diagnostic areas. For Mint State coins, surface preservation and the presence of original color become critical factors.
Mint State grades are valued by surface quality, luster, and freedom from marks
Circulated Grades (G-4 through AU-50)
Good-4 (G-4): Heavy wear throughout. The date remains visible but may be weak. Lincoln's portrait shows minimal detail—the major features are discernible but worn nearly flat. On the reverse, the wheat stalks are outlined but individual lines are worn away.
Very Fine-20 (VF-20): Moderate wear with major design features visible. Lincoln's cheekbone shows wear but retains definition. Hair details above the ear remain visible though worn. On the reverse, wheat lines are present but not fully separated.
Extremely Fine-40 (EF-40): Light wear confined to the highest points. Lincoln's portrait retains most detail with slight flatness on the cheekbone and jaw. Hair strands remain distinct. The reverse wheat stalks show full lines with only slight wear on the highest kernels.
About Uncirculated-50 (AU-50): Only traces of wear visible on the highest points. Lincoln's cheekbone and jaw may show slight friction. Most of the original mint luster remains, though interrupted in the fields. The reverse wheat stalks are sharp with minimal wear.
Check Lincoln's cheekbone, jaw, and wheat stalks for wear when determining grade
Mint State Grades (MS-60 through MS-68)
MS-60 to MS-62: No wear, but numerous contact marks and imperfections detract from eye appeal. Luster may be impaired or dull. These are technically uncirculated but lack the visual appeal of higher grades.
MS-63: Moderate contact marks present, particularly in the fields and on Lincoln's cheek. Luster is present but may be slightly uneven. Overall eye appeal is acceptable but not exceptional.
MS-65 (Gem Uncirculated): Few contact marks, mostly confined to less visible areas. Strong, vibrant luster with good cartwheel effect. Eye appeal is pleasing with minimal distractions. This represents the threshold where premiums begin to increase substantially.
MS-66 to MS-67 (Superb Gem): Virtually mark-free surfaces with exceptional luster. Any contact marks are minor and require magnification to detect. Full cartwheel luster is present. Eye appeal is outstanding. These grades represent condition rarities for all three mints.
MS-68: Nearly perfect coin with no distracting marks visible even under magnification. Full, blazing luster. Exceptional eye appeal. Only documented for the 1928-P, this grade is exceedingly rare.
Strike Quality Considerations
The 1928-P typically exhibits strong strikes with full detail. The 1928-D frequently shows weaker strikes—sharply struck examples command premiums. The 1928-S generally displays good to strong strikes. Weak strikes can impact value even in high Mint State grades, as collectors seek fully detailed examples.
Understanding Copper Color Designations
Original red color commands significant premiums over red-brown and brown examples
For Mint State copper coins, professional grading services assign color designations that dramatically affect value. These designations reflect the chemical preservation of the coin's surface:
Red (RD): The coin retains 95% or more of its original vibrant red-orange color. These are the most desirable specimens, showing minimal oxidation. Original mint luster is fully preserved.
Red-Brown (RB): The coin exhibits 5% to 95% of its original red color, with the remainder showing brown oxidation. This represents moderate toning with a mix of colors visible.
Brown (BN): Less than 5% original red color remains. The coin has oxidized to a stable, typically chocolate-brown patina. While visually attractive, these command the lowest premiums in Mint State.
To illustrate the value impact: A 1928-S in MS-65 BN is worth approximately $350, while the identical coin in MS-65 RD commands $5,700—a 16-fold multiplier based solely on color preservation.
1928 Lincoln Cent Die Varieties
Die varieties represent coins struck from dies with distinguishing characteristics. For 1928 cents, one major variety stands out, along with several minor repunched mint marks of interest primarily to specialists.
1928-S Large S (FS-501) — The Key Variety
This is the most significant and widely recognized die variety for 1928, listed in The Cherrypicker's Guide to Rare Die Varieties as FS-501. PCGS designates it "Large Mintmark" (PCGS #37703).
Attribution: The variety is naked-eye visible when compared to the standard Small S. The Large S mint mark appears noticeably thicker and blobbier than the thin, refined Small S style. This represents a holdover mint mark punch style not used in decades, briefly revived in 1928 for cents, dimes, quarters, and half dollars.
Rarity: The Large S is much scarcer than the common Small S. Estimates suggest only 50 to 100 Mint State examples may exist, though many remain unrecognized in standard holders.
Collector Opportunity: Critically, neither PCGS nor NGC automatically attributes this variety during standard grading. Large S cents are frequently slabbed and sold as common 1928-S coins. Knowledgeable collectors can "cherrypick" these from standard holders and resubmit for variety attribution, capturing premiums worth multiples more than a Small S.
| Grade | Small S Value (BN) | Large S FS-501 Value | Premium |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU-58 BN | $50 – $75 | $100 – $110 | ~2x |
| MS-62 BN | $100 – $125 | $399 | ~3.5x |
| MS-64 RD | $1,500 – $1,850 | $899 | See note* |
*The $899 auction result for MS-64 RD Large S appears low relative to Small S values, possibly reflecting market volatility or specific coin quality. In circulated grades, premiums are more consistent and significant.
Minor Repunched Mint Marks (RPMs)
Several minor RPMs exist for both Denver and San Francisco issues, documented by Variety Vista (VV). These are of interest primarily to variety specialists.
1928-D RPMs: At least one documented RPM exists: 1928-D RPM-001 (D/D Southeast).
1928-S RPMs: At least four documented RPMs exist: RPM-001 (S/S/S Northwest, North), RPM-002 (S/S/S North, South), RPM-003 (S/S North), and RPM-004 (S/S Northwest).
Valuation: No reliable public pricing is available from major grading services for these specific VV-designated RPMs. Premiums are generally modest, typically adding $10-$50 in circulated grades, but can be higher in Mint State to dedicated variety collectors.
Variety Fact-Check: DDO and FS-502 Misattributions
⚠️ Common Misattributions
1928 Doubled Die Obverse (DDO): While some non-authoritative sources and online listings mention a "1928 DDO," multiple numismatic references confirm that no major, recognized DDO varieties exist for the 1928 Lincoln Cent. Coins marketed as such typically show minor, worthless machine doubling, not true doubled dies.
1928-S FS-502: Several online listings market a "1928-S FS-502" cent. This is a definitive misattribution. Authoritative sources including PCGS, NGC, and Variety Vista confirm that FS-502 is an RPM variety for the 1928-S Standing Liberty Quarter, not the Lincoln Cent.
1928 Lincoln Cent Mint Errors
Mint errors occur during the striking process and can add significant value to otherwise common coins. The 1928 Lincoln Cents can be found with various minting errors, with values highly dependent on the severity and visual appeal of the error.
Off-Center Strikes
Off-center strikes occur when the planchet is not properly centered in the collar during striking, resulting in a coin with a portion of the design missing. Value depends heavily on the percentage off-center and whether the date remains visible.
Minor (5-15% off-center) with full date visible: $75 – $250+
Moderate (20-50% off-center) with full date visible: $150 – $400+
Coins with dates obscured by the off-center strike are worth significantly less. The most desirable off-center errors show approximately 50% of the design while retaining a complete, readable date.
Lamination Errors
Lamination errors result from impurities in the metal or improper alloy mixture, causing the coin's surface to flake, peel, or separate in layers.
Minor flake or peel: $10 – $25
Major, detached, or "clamshell" lamination: $30 – $75+
Dramatic laminations that create unusual visual effects command premiums at the higher end of these ranges.
Die Cracks and Cuds
Die cracks appear as raised lines on the coin's surface, caused by cracks in the die. Cuds are more dramatic—retained die breaks that create a raised blob of metal, typically at the rim.
Minor die crack (thin, wandering raised line): $10 – $20
Major cud (retained die break on rim): $50 – $200+
Large, dramatic cuds that obscure significant portions of the design command premiums toward the upper range. Small die cracks are relatively common and add modest value.
Struck-Through Errors
These errors occur when foreign material (typically grease or debris) is present on the die or planchet during striking, causing areas of weak or missing detail.
Struck through grease, partially obscuring details: $5 – $15
Struck-through errors are generally considered less valuable than other error types, as they create a negative visual effect (missing detail) rather than adding an interesting feature.
| Error Type | Identification / Severity | Value Range |
|---|---|---|
| Off-Center Strike | Minor (5-15% off), full date | $75 – $250+ |
| Moderate (20-50% off), full date | $150 – $400+ | |
| Lamination | Minor flake or peel | $10 – $25 |
| Major, detached, clamshell | $30 – $75+ | |
| Die Cracks / Cuds | Minor die crack | $10 – $20 |
| Major cud on rim | $50 – $200+ | |
| Struck-Through | Grease, partial obscuring | $5 – $15 |
Authentication and Problem Coins
Cleaned coins show unnatural brightness and hairline scratches that destroy value
Authentication is essential when investing in any collectible coin, particularly for semi-key dates like the 1928-S. Understanding the signs of counterfeit coins and artificially enhanced surfaces protects collectors from costly mistakes.
The most common authentication issue for 1928 cents is not counterfeiting but rather cleaned or altered surfaces. Cleaning removes the natural patina and a microscopic layer of metal, creating an unnatural shine and typically leaving hairline scratches. This destroys the coin's cartwheel luster and reduces its numismatic value dramatically—cleaned coins become "problem coins" worth little more than their base metal value regardless of grade.
For the 1928-S Large S variety, authentication becomes particularly important. Since this variety commands significant premiums, collectors should verify the Large S designation through professional grading services. PCGS and NGC will designate the variety upon request, though it is not automatically attributed during standard grading. The variety is naked-eye visible when compared side-by-side with a Small S, but certification provides peace of mind and market liquidity.
When examining raw (uncertified) coins, look for these warning signs of problems: unnatural brightness inconsistent with the coin's age, parallel hairline scratches in the fields (signs of cleaning), discoloration or green residue (PVC damage), retooling of design elements, and altered surfaces around the date or mint mark. Any of these issues significantly reduces value.
For coins valued above $100, professional certification from PCGS or NGC is recommended. The certification cost is typically offset by increased marketability and buyer confidence. For high-grade examples (MS-65 and above) of any mint, certification is essential to realize full market value, as the difference between MS-65 and MS-66 can represent thousands of dollars.
Preserving Your 1928 Lincoln Cent
Proper preservation is critical for maintaining—or destroying—the value of copper coins. For 1928 cents, the difference between Red (RD) and Red-Brown (RB) or Brown (BN) designations can represent value differences of 10-16 times, making preservation practices economically significant.
The cardinal rule for copper coins is simple: never clean them. Cleaning removes the natural patina, destroys original luster, and leaves microscopic scratches that are immediately visible to experienced collectors and grading services. A cleaned coin becomes a "problem coin" with minimal numismatic value. If your coin appears dirty or toned, leave it as-is—original, natural toning is infinitely preferable to any cleaning attempt.
Handle coins only by their edges, preferably while wearing soft, lint-free cotton gloves. Oils and acids from skin contact can cause toning and corrosion. Even a single fingerprint on a Red (RD) copper coin can initiate oxidation that reduces it to Red-Brown (RB) status, destroying significant value.
Store coins in acid-free holders that are completely free of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC). PVC, found in many soft plastic "flips," breaks down over time and leaches a green, sticky, corrosive residue that causes irreversible damage to coin surfaces. Use PVC-free holders made from inert materials like Mylar or certified archival plastics.
Environmental control is essential for copper. Store your collection in a cool, dry, and stable environment. High humidity accelerates oxidation, actively converting Red (RD) coins to Red-Brown (RB) or Brown (BN), destroying numismatic value in the process. Temperature fluctuations similarly promote oxidation. A climate-controlled environment protects your investment. Avoid storage in basements (humidity), attics (temperature extremes), or locations near chemicals or strong odors.
For valuable coins (MS-65 and above, or any variety coins), consider professional certification. PCGS and NGC encapsulation provides stable, inert storage that protects against environmental damage while providing authentication and grade verification. The certification fee is typically a worthwhile investment for coins valued above $100.
Frequently Asked Questions
How much is my 1928 Lincoln Wheat Cent worth?
Value depends on mint mark, grade, and color. A common 1928 Philadelphia cent in worn condition is worth $1-$5. Uncirculated examples range from $26 (MS-63 BN) to $37,500 (MS-68 RD). The 1928-D ranges from $1 in circulated grades to $12,600 for MS-66 RD. The scarce 1928-S semi-key date starts at $0.90 and reaches $45,600 for MS-66 RD. For Mint State coins, original red (RD) color commands premiums up to 16 times higher than brown (BN).
How do I identify the mint mark on a 1928 penny?
Look on the obverse (front) of the coin, directly below the date "1928." Philadelphia coins have no mint mark—the area is blank. Denver coins show a small "D" in this position. San Francisco coins display a small "S" below the date. For 1928-S coins, examine the "S" carefully—the scarce Large S variety (FS-501) appears noticeably thicker and blobbier compared to the thin, standard Small S.
What makes the 1928-S a semi-key date?
The 1928-S is considered a semi-key date due to its low mintage of only 17.3 million coins—significantly lower than the 134.1 million Philadelphia cents and 31.2 million Denver cents. This scarcity creates strong collector demand and substantial premiums in all grades. Population analysis reveals that while uncirculated examples were saved at the time, most sustained contact marks, making high-grade specimens (MS-65 and above) particularly rare and valuable.
What is the 1928-S Large S variety worth?
The 1928-S Large S (FS-501) variety commands premiums of approximately 2-3 times over the common Small S in circulated grades. An AU-58 BN example is worth $100-$110 versus $50-$75 for a Small S. In MS-62 BN, the Large S brings around $399 versus $100-$125 for the Small S. The variety is naked-eye visible and listed in The Cherrypicker's Guide, but neither PCGS nor NGC automatically attributes it, creating opportunities to "cherrypick" unattributed examples.
Should I get my 1928 penny professionally graded?
For coins valued above $100, professional certification from PCGS or NGC is recommended. The certification fee is offset by increased marketability and buyer confidence. For high-grade examples (MS-65 and above) of any mint, certification is essential—the difference between MS-65 and MS-66 can represent thousands of dollars. The 1928-S Large S variety should definitely be certified to capture its premium value, as authentication and variety designation are critical for market acceptance.
How do I tell if my 1928 penny has been cleaned?
Cleaned copper coins show several telltale signs: unnatural brightness inconsistent with the coin's age, parallel hairline scratches in the fields (from wiping or rubbing), disrupted or missing luster (the cartwheel effect), unnaturally uniform color, or a dull, lifeless appearance. Original uncirculated copper displays vibrant red-orange color with flowing cartwheel luster. Original circulated copper shows natural, even toning to brown. Any coin that looks "too bright" or shows hairline scratches has likely been cleaned, destroying most of its numismatic value.
What's the difference between RD, RB, and BN designations?
These designations describe color preservation on copper coins. Red (RD) means 95% or more original red color remains—these are the most valuable. Red-Brown (RB) indicates 5-95% original red with the rest brown—medium value. Brown (BN) means less than 5% original red, with chocolate-brown patina—lowest Mint State premium. The value difference is dramatic: a 1928-S MS-65 BN is worth $350-$400, while the same coin in MS-65 RD commands $5,500-$5,900—a 16-fold multiplier based solely on color preservation.
Are there any valuable errors for 1928 pennies?
Yes, 1928 cents can be found with mint errors that add value. Off-center strikes with full dates visible are worth $75-$400+ depending on severity. Die cracks and cuds range from $10 for minor cracks to $200+ for major cuds. Lamination errors are worth $10-$75 depending on size and drama. Struck-through errors are generally less valuable at $5-$15. Error values depend heavily on the visual appeal and severity of the error, with dramatic, well-centered examples commanding premium prices.
How should I store my 1928 Lincoln Cent?
Use acid-free, PVC-free holders made from inert materials like Mylar. Never use soft plastic flips containing PVC, which degrades and damages coins. Handle only by edges with cotton gloves to prevent fingerprints. Store in a cool, dry, stable environment—avoid basements (humidity) and attics (temperature extremes). High humidity and temperature fluctuations accelerate oxidation, converting valuable Red (RD) coins to Red-Brown (RB) or Brown (BN), destroying significant value. Never attempt to clean copper coins—cleaning destroys numismatic value.
Is the 1928-D worth more than the 1928 Philadelphia?
Yes, in most grades. The 1928-D has a significantly lower mintage (31.2 million versus 134.1 million for Philadelphia) and is scarcer. In circulated grades, the difference is modest—perhaps 2-3 times. In Mint State, the 1928-D commands substantial premiums, particularly in high grades. An MS-65 RD Philadelphia is worth $190-$450, while a 1928-D MS-65 RD ranges from $420-$1,500. The 1928-D also demonstrates extreme condition rarity at MS-66 RD, where only 19 examples are certified with none graded higher.
Research Methodology and Sources
This valuation guide is based on extensive research utilizing authoritative numismatic resources, professional grading service data, and documented auction results. Price ranges reflect retail values for certified, problem-free coins as of November 2025.
Primary sources include PCGS CoinFacts and the NGC Coin Explorer for mintage data, population reports, and price guides. CoinWeek provided historical context and variety analysis. Auction data was compiled from multiple sources including Heritage Auctions and verified through PCGS Auction Prices Realized. Die variety information references The Cherrypicker's Guide to Rare Die Varieties and Variety Vista.
Copper pricing data is from Trading Economics as of November 5, 2025. Market values represent observed retail prices and should be considered estimates—actual prices vary based on specific coin quality, market conditions, dealer markup, and regional differences. Auction results provide actual transaction data but may not represent typical retail pricing. Collectors should consult multiple sources and current market conditions before making purchase decisions.
