1931 Lincoln Cent Value: Price Guide for P, D & S Mints
1931 Lincoln Wheat Cent values range from $0.75 for circulated 1931-P to $42,500 for gem 1931-S. Includes grading guide, RPM variety, authentication tips.
The 1931 Lincoln Wheat Cent is worth $0.75 to $42,500 depending on mint, condition, and color designation.
- 1931-P (Philadelphia): $0.75 (G-4) to $13,200 (MS-67+ RD)
- 1931-D (Denver, semi-key): $5 (G-4) to $50,000 (MS-67+ RD)
- 1931-S (San Francisco, key date): $70 (G-4) to $42,500 (MS-67 RD)
All 1931 cents were struck during the Great Depression with drastically reduced mintages, making even the Philadelphia issue a low-mintage coin by series standards. Color designation (RD/RB/BN) dramatically impacts value in mint state grades.
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1931 Lincoln Wheat Cent Overview
The 1931 Lincoln Wheat Cent, struck during the Great Depression with drastically reduced mintages.
The 1931 Lincoln Wheat Cent represents one of the most historically significant years in the series, struck at the depth of the Great Depression when coinage demand collapsed. The result: three low-mintage issues including the 1931-S, the second-lowest mintage regular-issue Lincoln Cent ever produced. Values range from $0.75 for common circulated 1931-P examples to over $42,000 for gem 1931-S specimens in full Red.
This guide covers all three 1931 mint varieties, their current market values, the famous 1931-D Repunched Mint Mark variety, authentication of heavily counterfeited 1931-S coins, and grading diagnostics for copper color designations that can create 400%+ value differences.
How to Identify Your 1931 Lincoln Cent
Mint mark locations for 1931 cents: 'D' or 'S' appears below the date on the obverse.
All 1931 Lincoln Cents share Victor David Brenner's iconic Wheat Reverse design, used from 1909 through 1958. The obverse features Abraham Lincoln's profile facing right, with "IN GOD WE TRUST" above the portrait, "LIBERTY" to the left, and the date "1931" to the right of Lincoln's bust.
The reverse displays two stalks of durum wheat framing the denomination "ONE CENT" and "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA," with the motto "E PLURIBUS UNUM" positioned at the top between the wheat ears.
Mint Mark Location: The mint mark is located on the obverse (front) of the coin, directly below the date. A small "D" indicates Denver Mint production (4,480,000 struck), while a small "S" indicates San Francisco (866,000 struck). Philadelphia-minted coins bear no mint mark and represent the highest mintage of the year at 19,396,000 pieces.
Despite being the most common 1931 issue, the Philadelphia cent qualifies as a low-mintage coin when viewed across the entire Lincoln series. The 1931-D is a classic condition rarity—obtainable in lower grades but extraordinarily rare in high-grade Red. The 1931-S exhibits an unusual "inverted rarity" pattern where Mint State examples are relatively available (due to speculator hoarding in 1934-1935), while genuinely circulated coins are scarce.
Composition: All three issues are struck on standard bronze planchets: 95% Copper with 5% Tin and Zinc alloy. Each coin weighs 3.11 grams with a 19.00 mm diameter and plain edge.
1931 Lincoln Cent Value Guide by Mint and Grade
Value hierarchy: The 1931-S commands the highest premiums, followed by 1931-D, with 1931-P being most accessible.
The following values reflect retail price guide estimates from PCGS and NGC as of late 2025, supplemented by recent auction results. Prices assume problem-free, certified coins. For copper issues, values are segregated by color designation: BN (Brown, less than 5% red), RB (Red-Brown, 5-95% red), and RD (Red, 95%+ original red luster).
1931 (Philadelphia) Values
With a mintage of 19,396,000, the 1931-P is the most accessible issue of the year. It remains affordable in all circulated grades and most uncirculated grades. Value acceleration occurs in gem full-Red grades where condition rarity sets in.
| Grade | BN (Brown) | RB (Red-Brown) | RD (Red) |
|---|---|---|---|
| G-4 | $0.75 – $1.50 | — | — |
| VF-20 | $1.75 – $3.00 | — | — |
| EF-40 | $4.00 – $6.00 | — | — |
| AU-50 | $8.00 – $10.00 | $12.00 – $15.00 | $16.00 – $20.00 |
| MS-60 | $15.00 – $20.00 | $18.00 – $22.00 | $25.00 – $30.00 |
| MS-63 | $25.00 – $35.00 | $30.00 – $40.00 | $45.00 – $60.00 |
| MS-65 | $60.00 – $204 | $75.00 – $110 | $140 – $200 |
| MS-67 | — | $750 – $970 | $1,500 – $8,225 |
| MS-67+ | — | — | $10,750 – $13,200 |
Auction Record: An NGC MS-67+ RD example realized $13,200(PCGS CoinFacts), establishing the grade as exceptionally rare.
1931-D (Denver) Values
⚠️ Condition Rarity Alert
The 1931-D is obtainable in circulated grades but becomes an extreme condition rarity in high-grade Red. PCGS notes that probably no more than 50 examples exist in MS-66, with only one known MS-67 specimen.
With a mintage of just 4,480,000, the 1931-D is the year's major semi-key date. Circulated examples trade at modest premiums, but gem Red specimens command exponential prices due to scarcity.
| Grade | BN (Brown) | RB (Red-Brown) | RD (Red) |
|---|---|---|---|
| G-4 | $5.00 – $6.00 | — | — |
| VF-20 | $15.00 – $20.00 | — | — |
| EF-40 | $20.00 – $25.00 | — | — |
| AU-50 | $33.00 – $40.00 | $45.00 – $60.00 | $70.00 – $90.00 |
| MS-60 | $60.00 – $75.00 | — | $100 |
| MS-63 | $76.00 – $100 | — | $265 |
| MS-65 | $200 – $250 | — | $1,400 (Auctions: $900–$1,200) |
| MS-66 | $618 – $750 | — | $8,000 (Auctions: $4,500–$7,200) |
| MS-67 | — | — | $30,000 (Auction: $21,600) |
| MS-67+ | — | — | $50,000 |
Note: Retail price guides for circulated BN grades may be optimistic; an NGC AU-58 BN example sold at auction for only $29, well below the $65 PCGS Price Guide estimate.
1931-S (San Francisco) Values
The 1931-S exhibits 'inverted rarity': Mint State examples are relatively available due to 1930s hoarding, while heavily circulated coins are genuinely rare.
The undisputed key date of the year, the 1931-S has the second-lowest mintage (866,000) of any regular-issue Lincoln Cent. However, it exhibits a rare "inverted rarity" pattern. Most coins sat unissued in bags until 1934-1935, when dealers and speculators hoarded them in rolls and bags. This makes Mint State coins "fairly plentiful" while genuinely circulated specimens are rare.
As evidence, a G-4 BN coin ($70-$85) is valued similarly to an MS-63 BN ($159-$200), demonstrating that grade matters less than normal for this issue in Brown. The Red premium, however, is exponential.
| Grade | BN (Brown) | RB (Red-Brown) | RD (Red) |
|---|---|---|---|
| G-4 | $70.00 – $85.00 | — | — |
| VF-20 | $120 – $170 | — | — |
| EF-40 | $130 – $180 | — | — |
| AU-50 | $135 – $224 | $150 – $250 | $175 – $275 |
| MS-60 | $165 | $190 | $210 |
| MS-63 | $159 – $200 | $180 – $215 | $260 – $285 |
| MS-65 | $300 – $435 | $375 – $500 | $675 (Auctions: $500–$780) |
| MS-66 | $525 – $900 | $775 – $1,100 | $2,850 (Auctions: $1,740–$4,080) |
| MS-67 | — | — | $42,500 (Auction: $38,400) |
Color Premium Example: A 1931-S in MS-66 RD ($2,850) commands a 440% premium over the same coin in MS-66 BN ($525), demonstrating how dramatically color designation impacts value.
Grading Your 1931 Lincoln Cent
Grade comparison: G-4 shows heavy wear with barely visible date; VF-20 has moderate wear with visible wheat lines; MS-65 RD retains full mint luster.
Accurate grading is critical for establishing value, particularly in copper coins where color designation can create larger price differences than the numerical grade itself. Below are the key diagnostics for major grade levels.
G-4 (Good): Heavy overall wear. Lincoln's portrait is worn smooth with minimal detail. The date and legends remain legible but may be weak. On the reverse, wheat stalks show as flat outlines with no interior definition. Rim may be worn into the edge of the design on one or both sides.
VF-20 (Very Fine): Moderate wear on high points. Lincoln's cheekbone shows flattening but jaw and hair details remain visible. On the reverse, wheat stalks show some interior lines and definition. All legends are sharp and clear.
EF-40 (Extremely Fine): Light wear on highest points only. Lincoln's hair shows partial detail with some strands visible. Cheekbone and jaw retain most definition. Wheat stalks display clear interior lines with slight wear on high points.
AU-50 (About Uncirculated): Only slight wear on highest points: Lincoln's cheekbone, hair above ear, and tips of wheat stalks. Luster may be present in protected areas. For copper coins, circulated examples are always graded Brown (BN) regardless of remaining color.
💡 Important Note
Circulated copper coins should always be brown. A circulated coin displaying bright pink, orange, or washed-out pale color has been chemically cleaned, which significantly reduces value and will result in a "Details" grade from certification services.
MS-60 to MS-63 (Mint State): No wear on the coin's devices, though contact marks and bagmarks are present and may be distracting at MS-60. By MS-63, marks are less severe and eye appeal improves. Strike quality varies—check for weak detail in Lincoln's hair and wheat stalk centers. Color designation becomes relevant: coins are graded BN (Brown), RB (Red-Brown), or RD (Red) based on remaining original luster.
Color dramatically affects value: RD (Red) shows 95%+ original luster; RB (Red-Brown) is transitional; BN (Brown) has minimal red remaining.
Color Designation Standards:
- RD (Red): 95% or more of the original vibrant orange-red mint luster remains. The coin shows minimal oxidation.
- RB (Red-Brown): A transitional mix where 5% to 95% of the original red luster remains, combined with brown toning.
- BN (Brown): Less than 5% of the original red luster remains. The coin displays predominantly chocolate brown color from copper oxidation.
Key diagnostic areas: Check Lincoln's cheekbone, jaw, and hair details; on reverse, examine wheat stalk definition and center lettering.
MS-65 (Gem Uncirculated): Outstanding eye appeal with minimal contact marks. Any marks present are small and located in non-focal areas. Strike is typically above average with good central detail. Full original luster with attractive color for the designation. RD examples show blazing orange-red color.
MS-67+ (Superb Gem): Exceptional coin with virtually perfect surfaces. Only the most minute imperfections visible under magnification. Strike is sharp with full detail throughout. RD examples show pristine, vibrant original color. These represent the finest survivors and command substantial premiums, particularly for the 1931-D and 1931-S.
Strike Quality Note: Some 1931 cents exhibit weak strikes, particularly in Lincoln's hair details and the central wheat stalk lines. A weakly struck coin should not be confused with wear—weak strike shows uniform softness in specific areas, while wear creates localized flatness on high points only.
Authentication: Detecting Counterfeit 1931-S Cents
Authentication guide: Genuine 1931-S has bowl-like rim, round hair details, and smooth fields; counterfeits show sharp inner rim, teardrop hair, and pimply surfaces.
Due to its key-date status and high value, the 1931-S Lincoln Cent is one of the most heavily counterfeited coins in the series. Four primary types of fakes circulate in the market. Understanding diagnostic points is essential before purchasing any ungraded example.
Type 1: Added Mint Mark. A genuine 1931 Philadelphia cent has an "S" mint mark artificially added below the date. These are often crude and detectable under magnification, showing solder marks, paint, or tool marks around the added "S." The mint mark may also appear incorrectly sized or positioned compared to genuine examples.
Type 2: Altered Date. This is the most common counterfeit method. A common 1936-S cent (mintage: 29.1 million) has the "6" in the date skillfully carved or reshaped into a "1." Diagnostic points include: examining the "1" for unnatural thickness, tool marks, or inconsistent relief height compared to other digits; checking for a slightly wider spacing where the "6" was altered; looking for remnants of the "6's" curved portions that couldn't be completely removed.
Type 3: Struck Counterfeit. More sophisticated fakes struck from entirely counterfeit dies. Key diagnostics include: Rim Profile—genuine 1931-S coins show a "bowl-like" appearance where the rim ramps down gently into the fields; counterfeits display a sharp inner rim that drops straight off like modern coins. Lincoln's Hair—on genuine coins, the front hair is "very round" and points "slightly downward" at the forehead; counterfeits show a "teardrop shape" with a "pronounced upward curve" where it meets the forehead. Date and Mint Mark—genuine coins often have "rather soft" date details; counterfeits show dates "too high in relief and too sharp" with potentially misshapen or undersized mint marks. Surface Quality—counterfeits may show raised bumps or irregularities from rust on the fake die.
Type 4: Spark-Erosion Counterfeit. A modern technique using electrical spark processes and a genuine coin to create counterfeit dies. These are deceptive but identifiable by their distinctive surface texture: an "odd, pimply surface" or "porosity" concentrated on high points—Lincoln's bust, the date, and mint mark. This texture is visible under magnification and differs from the smooth fields of genuine coins.
The most reliable defense against counterfeits is purchasing only PCGS or NGC certified examples. Both services guarantee authenticity and will compensate collectors if a certified coin proves counterfeit. For raw (uncertified) coins, weight verification provides a basic check—genuine 1931 cents weigh 3.11 grams. Significant deviation suggests a wrong planchet counterfeit. However, weight alone cannot detect the sophisticated altered-date or spark-erosion fakes. When in doubt, submit the coin for third-party authentication before making a significant purchase.
Preservation and Storage Best Practices
Copper is among the most chemically reactive coinage metals and will naturally oxidize over time, transitioning from Red to Brown. Proper preservation slows this process and prevents harmful corrosion that can destroy a coin's value.
Handling: Always hold coins by their edges, never touching the obverse or reverse surfaces. Skin oils contain acids that create permanent fingerprints on copper, which cannot be removed without damaging the coin. Use of lint-free cotton gloves is recommended for valuable specimens.
Storage Materials: Coins must be housed in inert, archival-quality holders. Acceptable options include cardboard 2×2 flips with Mylar (not PVC plastic) windows, hard inert plastic capsules, or certified holder "slabs" from PCGS and NGC, which are designed for long-term archival storage. Store coins in a cool, dry environment with stable temperature and low humidity.
The PVC Danger: The single greatest threat to copper coins is Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), a chemical found in many older soft, flexible coin flips. Over time, PVC breaks down and leaches plasticizers and acids that appear as a sticky green residue ("green slime") on the coin's surface. This residue actively corrodes copper, causing permanent, irreversible etching and damage. Immediately remove coins from any flip exhibiting green residue and transfer to inert holders. Professional conservation services (such as those offered by NGC) can stabilize coins affected by PVC damage, though complete restoration is often impossible.
Never Clean Coins: Under no circumstances should numismatically valuable coins be cleaned, polished, rubbed, or chemically treated. Cleaning removes microscopic surface metal, destroys original luster and toning, and creates hairline scratches visible under magnification. A cleaned coin will receive a "Details" grade from certification services and can lose 50% or more of its value. If conservation is required to remove harmful substances like PVC residue, use only professional conservation services—these stabilize the coin without "cleaning" in the destructive sense.
Die Varieties: 1931-D Repunched Mint Mark
Unlike other years in the Lincoln Cent series such as 1955 (famous for its Doubled Die Obverse), the 1931-dated cents are not known for dramatic, high-value doubled die varieties. However, one minor but collectible Repunched Mint Mark (RPM) variety exists for the Denver issue.
1931-D RPM-001 (D/D Northwest)
Designation: Known as the "D/D Northwest" variety, officially cataloged as 1931-D RPM-001 in the CONECA and Variety Vista systems.
Identification: A clear, though sometimes weak, secondary "D" mint mark is visible to the northwest of the primary "D" below the date. The doubling creates a shadow or notching effect on the upper left portion of the mint mark.
Die Stages: The appearance of this RPM changes as the die wears:
- Stage A (Early Die State): Shows a "strong secondary mintmark" with the repunching clearly visible. The reverse die exhibits no significant die cracks at this stage.
- Stage C (Late Die State): The secondary mint mark weakens as the die wears. A "very light die crack" appears on the obverse over Lincoln's shoulder, positioned above the designer's initials "V.D.B."
Value and Collectibility: This variety carries a modest premium, primarily sought by specialists who collect Lincoln Cent die varieties and RPMs. Recent market data shows considerable variation in pricing, suggesting the premium is highest in circulated grades where the variety is more obvious, and minimal in higher Mint State grades where the base coin value dominates.
| Grade | Value Range | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| VF-20 BN | $20 – $30 | eBay sales, variety specialists |
| EF-40 BN | ~$30 | Variety Vista price list |
| MS-63 BN | ~$50 | Variety Vista price list |
| AU-53 BN | $100 | Retail listing (L&C Coins) |
Attribution of this variety requires magnification and good lighting. The repunched mint mark is most visible on early die state examples and may be quite subtle on late die state specimens. For serious variety collectors, consulting high-resolution die stage images on Variety Vista or the CONECA website aids in positive identification.
Mint Errors: Types and Values
Mint errors are one-off planchet defects or striking mishaps rather than die varieties that affect multiple coins. Several error types are documented for 1931 Lincoln Cents. Unlike die varieties, error values are highly inconsistent and depend on the severity and visual appeal of the specific error.
Lamination / Defective Planchet: The most common error type for 1931 cents. The bronze alloy improperly bonds during planchet creation, causing the metal to flake or peel away, creating a "lamination" error. Minor flakes that don't affect major design elements add modest premiums of $15-$30. Dramatic laminations affecting Lincoln's portrait or date command higher prices based on visual impact.
"Woody" (Improper Alloy Mix): A desirable and distinctive planchet error where the bronze alloy was not properly mixed during the melting process. This results in a wood-grain appearance on the coin's surface, showing streaks of different copper-alloy shades. Values range dramatically based on the visual effect: subtle "woody" texture may add only $15, while dramatic, multi-colored examples with strong wood-grain patterns can bring $600 or more to specialist error collectors.
Struck-Through-Grease (STG): Occurs when grease or debris on the die face prevents metal from flowing into the design during striking. This creates areas of weak or missing detail, often obscuring portions of the date, "LIBERTY," or other design elements. Minor STG errors affecting only small areas trade for $10-$20. More dramatic examples where major design elements are completely obscured (particularly the date) can bring $50-$70.
Clipped Planchet: Results when the blanking press (which punches circular blanks from metal sheets) overlaps its previous cut, creating a blank with a missing section. Clips can be curved (from overlapping another circular cut) or straight (from the edge of the metal sheet). The value depends on clip size—minor clips affecting 5-10% of the planchet trade for around $20, while more dramatic clips command higher prices. Clipped planchets must be distinguished from post-striking damage; genuine clips show the affected area where the rim and some design elements never existed.
💡 Error Authentication
Genuine mint errors occur during the striking process at the Mint. Post-mint damage (PMD) such as environmental damage, corrosion, or physical damage is not a mint error and does not add value. When purchasing error coins, look for: (1) uniform characteristics consistent with the error type, (2) original mint surfaces surrounding the error, and (3) third-party certification from PCGS or NGC when possible, as these services authenticate errors and distinguish them from damage.
Error coin values are highly specialized and market-driven. Two seemingly similar errors can bring vastly different prices based on visual drama and collector demand. For significant errors, third-party certification provides authentication and helps establish realistic market value.
Frequently Asked Questions
How much is my 1931 Lincoln Cent worth?
Value depends on three factors: mint mark (P, D, or S), grade (condition), and color designation for mint state coins. A common 1931-P in circulated G-4 condition is worth $0.75-$1.50. The key date 1931-S starts at $70 in G-4 and reaches $42,500 in MS-67 RD. The semi-key 1931-D ranges from $5 (G-4) to $50,000 (MS-67+ RD).
How do I identify the mint mark on my 1931 cent?
The mint mark is located on the obverse (front) of the coin, directly below the date "1931." A small letter "D" indicates Denver Mint production, while "S" indicates San Francisco. If no letter appears below the date, your coin was struck at the Philadelphia Mint. The mint mark is small but visible to the naked eye; use magnification if needed to distinguish "D" from "S."
Should I get my 1931 cent professionally graded?
For 1931-S cents in any condition or 1931-D cents that appear uncirculated, professional grading is highly recommended. PCGS and NGC certification provides authentication (critical for the heavily counterfeited 1931-S), establishes accurate grade and color designation, and protects the coin in an inert holder. Grading costs $20-$40 but is justified for coins potentially worth hundreds or thousands of dollars. Common circulated 1931-P cents generally don't require certification unless they're exceptionally high grade.
What do RD, RB, and BN mean for 1931 cents?
These are color designations applied to uncirculated (Mint State) copper coins. RD (Red) means 95% or more of the original orange-red mint luster remains, commanding the highest premiums. RB (Red-Brown) indicates 5-95% original red remains—a transitional state. BN (Brown) means less than 5% red remains, with the coin predominantly chocolate brown from copper oxidation. Color dramatically affects value: a 1931-S in MS-66 RD ($2,850) is worth 440% more than the same coin in MS-66 BN ($525).
Is a 1931 Proof Lincoln Cent valuable?
This is a critical fact-check: genuine 1931 Proof Lincoln Cents do not exist. The U.S. Mint suspended Proof production from 1917 through 1935. Any coin represented as a 1931 Proof is either a counterfeit or an altered coin (such as a 1936 Proof with modified date). If you possess a coin in proof-like condition, it may be a well-preserved business strike with prooflike characteristics, but it is not an official Proof striking.
How can I tell if my 1931-S cent is counterfeit?
Check four key diagnostics: (1) Rim Profile—genuine coins have a "bowl-like" rim that ramps gently into fields; fakes show sharp inner rims. (2) Lincoln's Hair—genuine coins show round hair pointing slightly downward; fakes display teardrop-shaped hair with pronounced upward curve. (3) Surface Texture—genuine coins have smooth fields; spark-erosion fakes show pimply, porous surfaces on high points. (4) Date Quality—genuine 1931-S dates are often soft in relief; fakes show overly sharp dates. The safest approach is purchasing only PCGS or NGC certified examples.
What is the 1931-S "inverted rarity" phenomenon?
Unlike most rare coins where mint state examples are scarcer than circulated ones, the 1931-S displays inverted rarity. Most coins sat unissued in Federal Reserve bags until 1934-1935, when dealers and speculators hoarded them in rolls and bags. This preserved many mint state coins, making them "fairly plentiful." However, coins that actually circulated are genuinely rare. Market prices reflect this: a G-4 example ($70-$85) is valued similarly to an MS-63 BN ($159-$200), showing that condition matters less than normal for lower grades of this issue.
Can I clean my 1931 cent to improve its appearance?
Never clean numismatically valuable coins. Cleaning removes microscopic surface metal, destroys original luster and natural toning, and creates hairline scratches. A cleaned coin will receive a "Details" designation from grading services (e.g., "XF Details - Cleaned") rather than a straight grade, reducing value by 50% or more. If your coin has harmful deposits like PVC residue (green slime), use professional conservation services such as those offered by NGC—these stabilize the coin without destructive cleaning.
What is the 1931-D RPM variety worth?
The 1931-D RPM-001 (D/D Northwest) shows a secondary "D" mint mark repunched to the northwest of the primary "D." This variety carries a modest premium primarily sought by specialists. Values range from $20-$30 in VF-20 to approximately $50 in MS-63 BN, with one retail listing at $100 for AU-53 BN. The premium is modest compared to major doubled dies, making this a collectible variety for specialists rather than a high-value rarity.
What is the melt value of a 1931 Lincoln Cent?
The intrinsic metal value is approximately 3.3 cents USD based on late 2025 copper prices (~$5.10 per pound). This is calculated from the coin's copper content: 2.9545 grams of copper in the 95% copper, 5% tin/zinc bronze composition. However, the melt value is purely academic—every 1931 cent has numismatic value far exceeding its metal content. Even the most common 1931-P in G-4 condition is worth $0.75, more than 2,200% above melt value.
Research Methodology and Sources
This guide synthesizes data from industry-standard references including PCGS CoinFacts, NGC Coin Explorer, recent auction results from Heritage Auctions and Stack's Bowers Galleries, and specialized variety resources including Variety Vista and CONECA. Price ranges reflect October-November 2025 retail estimates from PCGS and NGC price guides, supplemented by realized auction prices for verification. Copper spot prices are sourced from commodity market data as of late October 2025.
All authentication diagnostics are derived from documented counterfeit detection research published by NGC and specialized Lincoln Cent references. Die variety attributions follow CONECA and Variety Vista standards. Historical mintage figures and technical specifications come from official U.S. Mint records.
⚠️ Market Fluctuation Notice
Coin values fluctuate based on precious metal prices, collector demand, and market conditions. The values presented represent November 2025 estimates and should be verified with current price guides or recent auction results before making buying or selling decisions. Realized auction prices may differ from retail price guide estimates, particularly for common circulated grades.
For additional research, consult: PCGS CoinFacts, NGC Coin Explorer, Variety Vista, and NGC Counterfeit Detection articles.
